1937-1943: Harvard Mark I, electro-mechanic computer using magnetic relais, perforated cardboard cards and numbering base of ten, operational in 1943 and presented to the public in 1944, by the group of Howard Aiken (Harvard University and International Business Machines), with support of the United States Navy. It is the first use of the term "bit" (binal digit or binary digit), although the concept of a minimal unit of information based on one of two possible states had already been proposed by Konrad Zuse, who called it a "JA - NEIN" ("YES - NO", in German). Since that time some programmers use the term "bug" in reference to different kinds of unexpected programming errors. There have been about 2 000 known programming languages in the History of Computing (not counting dialects), about half of those languages for big computers and the other half for medium or small computers, but the vast majority of them have had a very restricted use. Mnemonic commands for medium level languages are known as assembly commands. GNU GCC (the GNU C compiler), which converts it to assembly and sends it to GNU AS (the GNU assembler), which converts it to binal object and sends it to GNU LD (the GNU linker-loader), which finally creates the executable.

1950: Pilot ACE, Automatic Computing Engine, electronic digital computer by Alan Mathison Turing with Max Newman and others, using numbering base of two and programmable by a kind of assembly language. Alan Mathison Turing developed a kind of assembly language for it. This kind of computers are called "of first generation", which predominated from the 1940's to the 1950's. John Von Neumann developed between 1945 and 1950 the theory of logic circuits (also called "Von Neumann Architecture"), in collaboration with Burks and Goldstine. This kind of computers are called "of second generation", which predominated from the 1950's to the 1960's. 1951: the contact point transresistor of Bardeen and Brattain is modified by William Shockley (Bell Telephone) and named junction transistor, made of germanium. Which kind you prefer is up to you. You should not simply consider the real size of the pool table additionally the required playing space around the table.

1945: a real bug, an insect, temporarily stops a Mark II computer at the Naval Center in Virginia. 1944-1950: Whirlwind, digital computer by Jay Forrester (Massachussetts Institute of Technology), first computer operable in real time. 1950: Silhouette of a Scottish Dancer, first artistic image in a computer screen (an oscilloscope), made by an anonymous operator in the EDSAC of Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University. This theory was applied to the EDVAC in 1948 (renamed UNIVAC in 1951), to the EDSAC in 1949, and to many other computers afterwards. Fifteen Univac I were built. In 1951 those modifications were released in a new model renamed UNIVAC I, Universal Automatic Computer I (see further below). See year 1948 for another important theory written by him. Presented to the public in 1948. 1948: Norbert Wiener coins the term "Cybernetics" (from the Greek word "kybernos", meaning "control" or "controllable"), defined as "the Science of control and communication in animal or in machine".

It was presented to the public in 1939, although it was unfinished and so it remained. Presented to the public in 1946, the ENIAC had a height of over 4 metres, a length of almost 30 metres, and a weight of 4 Megagrammes for its core only, almost 30 Megagrammes counting its peripherals and support systems. It occupied 20 square metres and had a weight of 5 Megagrammes. This meant that operators may easily website a swimming pool table either in 1 place or many places for at the very least five years, while only getting to periodically change the material and additionally the balls as and while somebody decided to pinch 1 of them! Pool table manufacturers brand, such as Olhausen and then Pool table design brand, such as Harley Davidson. Used mostly to design flying machines, it was in service until 1944, when it was destroyed during the attacks against Berlin. Used mostly to design flying machines, it was in service until 1945, when it was carried out of Berlin and hidden for many years. In service until 1959, it could add or substract numbers of 23 ciphers in 0.2 seconds, multiply them in 4 seconds, or divide them in 10 seconds.

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